Arkeoloji

VOTIVE RELIEF OF THREE GRACES (CHARITES) IN BANDIRMA
ARCHEOLOGICAL MUSEUM

ın this study, the votive relief which was found in an old bulding near Ormanlı
Village, Kapıdağ Peninsula in 1949, and is exhibited now in Bandırma Archeological
Museum is evaluated.
Firstly in the study, informations about cultures, missions, myt has and identities
of Charites who are the main theme of the relief are given. Secondly, the places that
Charites were proccessed artisticaly and standing types are evaluated. Lastly,
definition and icomography of Cyzicus Charites Relief is made and similer art works
in sculp of statuary are compared, evaluated and dated.
After all these studies, it is deduced that this original work, having touch of 5.
And 4. centruy BC’s artistic figüres, belongs to Last Hadrian Period. Missions and the
respect, shown for Charites in Cyzicus are interpreted.

ANTİK YUNAN'IN SIRA DIŞI KADINLARI: FİLOZOFLAR Özet Bu makalenin amacı; Antik Yunan'ın eril atmosferinin hakim olduğu top-lum şartlarında, düşünsel alanda kendi emekleriyle yer edinebilmiş kadın filozofla-rın irdelenmesidir. Antik Yunan toplumunda kadının ailesi ve kadın arkadaşlarıyla sınırlı bir çevresi vardı. Antik dönemde kadınların erkeklerle eşit eğitim şartlarına sahip olmadığını buna rağmen kadın filozofların var olduğunu görüyoruz. Bu sıra dışı kadınların bir kısmı iyi eğitim görmüş babaların kızları veya kocaların eşleri (Theano, Damo, Arete, Hipparchia, Hypatia); bir kısmı ise (Lais, Lasthenia, Leon-tion…) hetairaydı. Kızların eğitildiği yegane okulun hetairaların yetiştiği okulların olmasından dolayı kadın filozofların bir kısmının bu okullardan çıkması pek de şa-şırtıcı olmasa gerek. Abstract The purpose of this article is to examine the female philosophers who could manage to gain a place in the intellectual area despite the masculine atmosphere of Ancient Greece and the difficult condition of society in that time. It was just the family and some friends that a woman could have in the ancient Greek society. But we know that in spite of the unequal education conditions with men, there exited quite a few female philosophers. Some of these women were either the children of some educated fathers or wife of some educated husbands (Theano,

Özet Bu yazıda antik tiyatro yazarlarından Aiskhylos, Sophokles, Euripides ve Aristophanes'in eserlerinde işlenen kadın karakterler ile yazarların bu karakterleri nasıl bir bakış açısıyla oluşturdukları; aynı zamanda işlenen kadın karakterlerin kendilerini nasıl ifade ettikleri irdelenmiştir. Antik tiyatro eserleri yazarları her ne kadar kadın karakterleri sıklıkla işlemiş ve eril topluma göre kadına bakış açıları daha esnek olsa da onların bakış açılarının antik Yunan toplumunun eril bakış açısıyla çakıştığını söyleyebiliriz. Abstract This article examines the woman characters that are handled in the works of ancient theatral authors such as Aiskhylos, Sophokles, Euripides, Aristophanes and at the same time, the way the woman characters express themselves. Although ancient theater authors handled the woman in their works often they took the woman idea more flexible than masculine point of view, nevertheless we still can say these two views fits into one another.

Özet Antik Dönemde Pontos Krallığının önemli liman şehirlerinden olan Amisos (Samsun) kenti, ç Anadolu bağlantısı sayesinde bölgenin ekonomik hayatında söz sahibi olmuştur. Bu etkinliğini değişik konu ve tiplerin yer aldığı sikkeler darp ederek ortaya koymuştur. Amisos kenti en yoğun sikke darbını Pontos Kralı VI. Mithradates döneminde gerçekleştirmiştir. Kentin darp ettiği bu sikkeler antik dünyada çok sayıda bölgeye dağılmış ve günümüze kadar gelmiştir. Bu çalışma, Antik Dönemde farklı bölge ve kentlere dağılmış olan Amisos sikkelerinin Tokat Müzesi'nde bulunan (188 adet) örneklerinden oluşmaktadır. Abstract As one of the leading port cities of the Kingdom of Pontus, Amisos (present-day Samsun) had a voice in the economy of the region due to its connection with the central Anatolia in ancient period. It substantiated this function by minting coins, on which various topics and types were placed. The city of Amisos minted coins the most intensely in the period of Mithradates VI of Pontus. These coins spread into many regions in the ancient world and subsisted up to the present. This project comprises of 188 samples of these coins which are available in Tokat Museum out of many other regions and cities.

Sclerosing cholangitis is a rare but dreadful complication of liver hydatid surgery. Almost all scolocidal agents are associated clinically or experimentally with this complication. Cetrimide–chlorhexidine combination is the most potent scolocidal agent, and this study was designed to examine its effect on the hepato-pancreatico-biliary system. Forty Wistar-albino rats were divided into two groups. 0.5% cetrimide–0.05% chlorhexidine was injected into the biliary tract of study group animals and 0.9% saline ( NaCl ) into the control group through a 3-mm duodenotomy. The animals were sacrificed after 90 days and histopathological examination of the liver, biliary tract, and pancreas was performed 90 days after the biliary injection. The histopathological examination showed that the lesions ranged from focal necrosis to sclerosing cholangitis to liver cirrhosis. Focal necrosis and eosinophilic inflammation were observed in all rats in the study group. The changes in the liver, biliary tract, and pancreas of the study group animals were significantly more severe than those in the control group (p

In testicular germ cell tumors (GCT), bone metastases are usually seen late in the disease progress and are almost always associated with involvement of other sites. However, isolated bone metastasis is an extremely rare finding in these patients. A 43- year-old man was admitted to the neurosurgery department of our hospital suffering from dysarthria, ataxia, headaches and a progressive swelling above the parietooccipital region of the skull. Radiological, biochemical and pathologic tests showed that the lesion of the skull was an isolated skull metastasis as an initial manifestation of nonseminomatous GCT of the testis. When a young patient presents with bone pain or painless swelling, even if it is an unusual site and isolated, testicular GCT should be considered as a differential diagnosis, as these lesions could be the first evidence of metastatic GCT.

The objective of this study was to reveal the present situation of organizational stress among employees of three major hospitals in Ankara, Turkey. Also to direct executives and individuals to the means to cope with organizational stress encouraging focusing the etiologies and promoting productive and functional service capabilities supplementing ever increasing literature and state of knowledge. Methodologically, the study was conducted on 699 subjects, selected randomly utilizing the ‘Organizational Stress Measure’ questionnaire. The results indicated that there was no significant variance of stress levels between samples obtained from three different hospitals. However; in the Social Security Hospital there was significant difference in stress levels of executives, health personnel, allied health personnel and the group of employees indicated as others, with highest mean stress levels in the group defined as others followed by executives, health personnel and allied health personnel. Furthermore, there was no significant difference between stress levels of different sexes and no correlation of age factor with stress. If high organizational stress is the case in an institution a change in strategy that includes structural and organizational change will be necessary. Such change will improve the productivity of employees. By doing so, menagerial costs of job stress will also be diminished. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Abstract
Altıntepe is the one of the most important settlements of Urartu that had a state by establishing a
significant alliance in I. millennium BC. Altıntepe Castle was established on a hill which is situated on
a fertile plain that is 16 km east of the city of Erzincan. A geo-prospect was carried out in coordination
with the Altıntepe Excavations Presidency to determine the settlements of civilian population in the
citadel of Altıntepe castle. The geo-prospect-based Altıntepe was carried out with the Altıntepe in the
center of an area which has 5 km radius. Even though the geo-prospect did not give us purposive data,
it has revealed significant information about the archeology of the region. Significant data which sheds
light on Early Iron Age in the region has been obtained too. In addition, it gave us an opportunity
to learn and study geological and geographical location of the region. The effects of geological and
natural conditions on the land have been identified. Above all, Küpesik mound discovered by us
for the first time have been presented to the world of archeology. In this geo-prospect where new
discoveries about prehistoric and historic periods of the region were made we have found some clues
that Achaemenid, which was an important satrapy during the Persian period, was active, We also
obtained some findings that Küçük Höyük had been inhabited in prehistoric period.

Ülkemizin en yüksek ve zorlu coğrafyasını oluşturan Doğu Anadolu Bölgesi aynı zamanda Yakındoğu’nun önemli kültür bölgeleri arasında eşsiz bir konuma sahiptir. Bu özelliği nedeniyle bölge arkeolojik çağlar boyunca önemli birçok kültüre ve uygarlığa ev sahipliği yapmıştır. Bu uygarlıklardan en önemlisi hiç şüphesiz Doğu Anadolu yaylasının ilk merkezi politik güce sahip olan Urartu Devleti’dir. Bu günkü politik sınırları aşan bir yayılım alanına sahip olan Urartu Devleti’nin toprakları üzerinde bulunan onlarca kale bu kültürden bizlere miras kalmış en önemli anıtlardır. Urartu Devleti M.Ö. 9-6 yüz yıllar arasında yaklaşık 300 yıl boyunca zor bir coğrafyada politik bir güç olarak tutunabilmeyi başarmıştır.  Krallığın son büyük kralı olan II. Rusa, günümüze kalan en görkemli Urartu kalelerini inşa ettiren kral olma ünvanına sahiptir. Bu yazımıza konu olan Ayanis Kalesi de bu kralın inşa ettirdiği ve Urartu Uygarlığından günümüze en iyi korunarak gelmiş Urartu kalesidir.

Due to its climatic and geological structure, Uratian, which has a very difficult geographical grandeur and institutional identity, has made important contributions to the Anatolian civilizations and has been in history. In this study, the development of the technical features used in the direction of static concerns with the main lines in Urartian architecture and the technical and static characteristics of the Ayanis tower architecture have been tried to be determined.
Ayanis Castle has an important place for the world of archeology. This significance attributed to Ayanis is due to the fact that the architectural and aesthetic understanding that has grown with the Rusa II, as well as the largely preserved architecture, has been presented with all its glory. The techniques used in Ayanis Castle architecture provide us with very important data about Urartian architecture in terms of land use and also in terms of static. In our work, we tried to present the techniques applied with statical anxiety in the architecture of the fortress of Ayanis, the architecture of the temple and the architecture of the east-facing hall.